| Equity Mutual Funds SEBI regulated |
Large Cap, Flexi Cap, Mid Cap, Small Cap, ELSS, Sectoral, Index |
₹500 SIP |
12–16% p.a. |
Medium |
High (T+1) |
12.5% > ₹1.25L |
Core domestic anchor. Prefer index funds for large-cap; active for mid/small. Monitor tracking error and expense ratios closely. |
| Govt Bonds (G-Secs) RBI / MoF |
10Y G-Sec, SDL, T-Bills, Floating Rate Bonds, Sovereign Green Bonds |
₹10,000 |
6.8–7.5% p.a. |
Low |
Medium |
Slab rate (STCG) / 12.5% LTCG |
Duration risk matters — use dynamic bond funds or hold-to-maturity for stability. Green Bonds offer ESG alignment at parity yields. |
| Corporate Bonds / NCDs SEBI listed |
AAA PSU Bonds, AA Corp Bonds, Structured NCDs, High Yield NCDs |
₹1,000 |
7.5–12% p.a. |
Low–Med |
Low–Medium |
Slab / 12.5% |
Yield pickup over G-Secs for AA/A names. Liquidity risk on secondary market. Concentrate in AAA/AA; limit sub-AA to 10% of fixed income book. |
| Digital Gold & Silver SEBI / RBI |
Sovereign Gold Bonds (SGB), Gold ETFs, Gold Funds of Funds, e-Silver |
1 gram |
10–13% p.a. |
Medium |
Medium (SGB illiquid) |
SGBs: tax-free on maturity |
SGBs are the most tax-efficient — 2.5% interest + capital gains exempt on redemption. Silver is higher-beta than gold. Good hedge vs INR depreciation. |
| Crypto Assets Domestic Exchanges |
BTC, ETH, USDT (stablecoin), select altcoins via CoinDCX, Zebpay, WazirX |
₹100 |
Variable |
Very High |
High (24/7) |
30% flat + 1% TDS |
Strict 30% tax kills compounding. Regulatory overhang persists. Limit to 3–5% of portfolio for risk-tolerant clients only. BTC > ETH > altcoins in allocation priority. |
| Indian Startups Angel / VC / Pre-IPO |
Angel investing, SEBI AIFs Cat I, pre-IPO platforms (Grip, trica), ESOPs |
₹25L–₹1Cr |
20–40%+ IRR |
Very High |
Very Low (4–7 yr) |
LTCG: 12.5% |
50–70% failure rate at seed. Requires deep diligence. Build a portfolio of 10+ to manage binary risk. Strong sector focus (fintech, SaaS, D2C) recommended. |
| PMS Schemes SEBI regulated |
Discretionary equity PMS, debt PMS, multi-asset PMS, thematic PMS |
₹50L minimum |
15–22% p.a. |
High |
Medium (30 days) |
Pass-through taxation |
Top-quartile PMS consistently outperforms broad market. Key: evaluate 5-yr rolling returns vs Nifty, manager tenure, drawdown history. Prefer established names (Marcellus, ASK, IIFL). |
| REITs / InvITs SEBI listed Recommended |
Embassy REIT, Mindspace REIT, PowerGrid InvIT, India Grid InvIT |
₹10,000 |
8–12% p.a. |
Medium |
High (listed) |
Partly tax-free |
Excellent income generation (~6–8% yield). Commercial real estate exposure without direct property risks. InvITs add infrastructure diversification. |